The cold, wet weather was brutal; it made people sick. There were a lot of casualties during the war. Such cruelty revolted soldiers. They wanted the war ended soon. They missed their families and delicious food. Preliminary preparation for the war, helped store enough food and warm clothes to survive through the winter.

The Council of Germany and the Council of America signed a draft of international law to help laborers get rid of the terrible rulers. There were enormous rules in the draft. This proclamation said that government can’t torture labors any more and dislodged the dominator from Japan. It defined how many hours that a labor could work per day. It also repealed slavery and it helped people’s life a lot.

In this war, Germany also expanded its territory by taking control of Japan; it built a long frontier to protect itself. Because of this, the commander of Germany became legendary. Germany delegated him to fight for land and he did good job. Japan’s plan to conquer the world was aborted. He contributed a lot to his country. People will respect him and remember him forever.

2.http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/vietnam-photos/images/op-yellowstone.gif

In this picture, several soldiers sit together, it is dusk, maybe they just end one day’s war. The man sits in the center is playing guitar, others seem lost in his music. The war may last a so long time, these soldiers are missing their families when they heard about this sorrow music, they may have old parents, young children and wives are waiting for them at home. They didn’t see them for a long time. They have to leave them an d fight for their county. What they did are all for their county. In the war, they may get hurt, they may sacrify their life. But they don’t afraid of these things, what make them scared is can’ see their family any more. So that is the reason why they heard the music, they are gloomy.

http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/vietnam-photos/images/op-oregon.gif

I was moved when I saw this picture. One soldier was fall in a hole, other soldiers are struggling to pull him out. It didn’t strength enough to pull him out just by one person, so they pull him one by one, and have many directions. If I was the soldier in the hole, I may cry. I think I was so lucky to have these buddies.

The war in Vietnam must be tough, everyone are tired every day. Many people get hurt and died every day. So soldiers should support each other, encourage each other. In the combat zones, they are each other’s family. They should have faith they will win this war soon.

http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/vietnam-photos/images/navy-nurses.gif

In this picture, a nurse was squat beside a sleeping soldier. This soldier got hurt in the war. He must have pain in his wound. But we can see he is sleeping peacefully. It can tell how hard work the nurse are. In the war, people will think the soldiers are the most important role. I can’t deny it. But what I want to say is nurse is also another important role. They cure the wounded personnel day and day. They are angles in white.

3. My react:

When I saw these pictures, I fell shocked and moved. The war is tough, but the soldiers and nurse are positive. They did their job good and scarify a lot for their country.

No one will like war, but when it happened we should do what we can do to end it. These pictures are not only record the history, but also remind people they should remember the sorrow the war bringing. To remind people they should not have war any more.

To end the World War II, America used a new weapon to Japanese, this new weapon has two ways to kill people, one way was sheer magnitude of the blast, another way was nuclear fallout. The United States and the Soviet Union became peacetime enemies, the reason was they have interest conflict in using bomb. They both used bomb to get or maintain their power. The arms race led to above-ground and below-ground explosions of nuclear devices, and the above ground explosions led to nuclear fallout.

Because these two countries increasingly hated each other, they took steps to protect themselves.  Nuclear explosion, firestorm and fallout had big and bad influence to people, school, private homes and public buildings had to use fallout shelters. They also drilling for the nuclear war.

My opinion:

When I read this article, I felt sad aout it.

Many innocent people get hurt in the war, some of then even died. The  nuclear is deadly demon to people. Its lethality is over people’s imagine. No one will like wars, we all want to live in a peaceful world, wars break our family and destroy our life. If it has nuclear weapon in the war, the lethlity can be doubled.

We can’t change the past, but we can change the future. I hope no one will use unclear weapon any more.

National Archives documented that the American drive for expansion with the Native American to preserve their lands, sovereignty, and ways of life in the 19th century and the relationship between the U.S. government and Native Americans. In 1867, congressional committee released a report that is about the Indian uprisings and wars in the West. It ended the war along the American frontier and prevent future Indian conflicts. The Black Hills exclusive used by the Sioux people. To this day, the U.S. government and the Sioux still dispute about the ownership of the Black Hills.

Think like a soldier:

I was fighting with Sioux. The process was hard to me, But I can see the hope. Our soldiers fighted with their life. For this fight, they all can sacrify their life. Because we all have faith to Sioux and our army. Every time when we saw our enormous and brave army, we proud of it. We want to win this war, we want our people live with out fight any mor. 

    After the Revolutionary War, government has problems with distribution of lands. The government has tried many ways to solve it, but all these methods for allocating unsettled land outside the original 13 colonies were arbitrary and chaotic. They use boundaries to step off plots from  landmarks, but it didn’t work much. Finally, there are a Land Ordinance of 1785 implemented. This ordinance has a standardized system of Federal land surveys to cope boundary conflicts.

    In 1854, the government enacted a low to set a graduated scale to adjust land price, it has positive effect, but national land policy made land ownership financially unattainable for most would-be homesteaders.

    In the 1830s and 1840s, rising the prices of crop make smaller ventures disappear. Then the famers that don’t have land looked westward. They want to develop a new land in the west. Before Mexico war, people need preemption if they want to settle in the west. After Mexico war, the situation approved.

    The government still face some problems when they acted this legislative law.Northern factories owners feared loss their labor force, Southern states worried the north can be strong by small farmers.

    In 1862, the Homestead Act was passed and signed into law after many years effort. The new law has three processes:filing an application, improving the land, and filing for deed of title.

    On January 1, 1863, Daniel Freeman filed claims. Many more pioneers come to this land, they creat opportunities and grab opportunies, a new and lively atmosphere created.

          I miss you so much, because I attend civil war now, I didn’t see you for a long time, and I hope the war is going to end soon.

          This war was beginning in April, 15 in 1861; it was a war between the north and the south in American. The leaders of the north were mainly for laborers and black people. I am fighting for the north, because I don’t want black people to be slaves any more. In the south, only slave-owners of plantations persisted in the war, because protecting slavery was their purpose. But the north wanted to defeat the south to unify America, abolish slavery, provide more cheap workers to everyone, and make the development go smoothly.

          When slave-owners of the south tried to expand slavery in other parts of the United States, they threatened the development of northern states, and they infringed on the rights of the country. This is the real reason of the war. The south started the war to the north; the north had no choice but to fight. The south didn’t want to not be a part of the United States, but it want to take our land. People in the north didn’t like their actions against slaves, so fought them with more energy.

          During the war Lincoln issued the Homestead Law and Declaration of the liberation of black slaves. I am thankful that it probably will get rid of slavery eventually. Lincoln did a lot for our north, he sacrificed his time for the war, and we all respect him. How I want to see him in person, so that I can talk to him about my thoughts and my concerns about the war.

The war between the north and the south is a big revolution for America. Many of my friends have died fighting for the war. I feel sad about it, but I hope it abolishes slavery and solves the land problems of farmers. I also hope it safeguards uniformity of the legal system of America, and clears the road for the further development of American capitalism. And I hope my fighting for the north will lay the foundation for America become top country in the world.

          I have faith in the north, and I really want the war to end fast, then I can come home to see you soon, I can’t wait. It hurts to see so many people die in the war. So many families were broken, and people lost their parents and children. I really don’t want to see this any more, and I miss you so much.

          Best wishes.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Your daughter

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2009/11/11

http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/brady-photos/images/colors-23-ny.gif

Describe: The soldier grabed the flag which was American flag. Though he didn’t hold any gum, but he still express a spirit that he wanted fight fot his country. Even in the wild land,he still grab the flag tightly, it can tell that he loves his country.

Effect on others:

When people see this picture,they will pay attention to the soldier’s face,he dosen’t smill,so maybe they will think this soldier fell nervous about the war.

Effect to me:

When I saw this picture,I stared this soldier’s eyes, I wanted to see something.He maybe have a happy family,but he choosed to leave his family to fight for his country.I were moved by his grave. I also felt his confidence.

http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/brady-photos/images/wilderness-area.gif

Describe: It express the slump of this place,the war made the environment bad,there are not much people on the road,the river seems dirty,there was no fish in the river.Trees were out of leaves.There was no cloud in the sky.Everything seems dead.

Effect on others:

When people saw this picture,they would think this was fall or winter,because the trees were out of leaves,they maybe think this was a quite country,because they couldn’t see someone on the road.

Effect on me:

When I saw this picture,I felt sad about this place and this country.If there was no war,maybe carriages and people would on the road,the war made everything turns bad.

The North:

1. Its population was more than the South. This is a potential source for military enlistees and civilian manpower.
2. The North has the substantial number of factories and industries that can product needed war materials.
3. The North had a better transportation network, such as mainly highways, canals, and railroads.
4. At sea, the North’s army was better trained and better supplied.

The South:

1. The South could fight on its home terrain.
2. The South has a military tradition that encouraged young men to serve in the armed forces or attend a military school.
3. The South had the leadership of great commanders, including Robert E. Lee, Joseph Johnston, and “Stonewall” Jackson.

Disadvantages:

The North: The North has slave problems.

The South:

1. The South had to worry about its slave population, it was a threat of rebellion.
2. The South has bad transportation.
3. The South didn’t have good factory to product needed war materials.

Wevmaybe don’t have lightning rod, then we can’t protect buildings and ships from lightning damage.

The political system of the United States will have huge difference from now.

We can’t have the great book like 《Poor Richard’s Almanac》.

So we can say Benjamin Franklin got great success as an inventor, politician, and writer.

If Benjamin Franklin never exists in American history, we maybe don’t have lightning rod, then we can’t protect buildings and ships from lightning damage.

If Benjamin Franklin never exists in American history, the political system of the United States will have huge difference from now.

If Benjamin Franklin never exists in American history, then we can’t have the great book like 《Poor Richard’s Almanac》.

So we can say Benjamin Franklin got great success as an inventor, politician, and writer.